1st Year • ER20-11T
Pharmaceutics (ER20-11T): Unit 4 - Drying & Extraction of Galenicals
Compiled by Pharmacist365 Academic Council
Unit 4 • ER20-11T
Drying Processes & Galenical Extraction
Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) ER-2020 Standard Lecture Notes
1. Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Drying
Drying is commonly the final processing stage in the manufacture of granules, powders, and active pharmaceutical ingredients before compression or filling.
Freeze Drying (Lyophilization):
Lyophilization is drying by sublimation of ice under deep vacuum (below water triple point: 0.01°C and 4.58 mmHg). Ideal for thermolabile biologicals such as vaccines, antibiotics, insulin, and blood plasma.
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